Family History of Hypertension: Impact on Blood Pressure, Anthropometric Measurements and Physical Activity Level in Schoolchildren

Abstract Background: A family history of arterial hypertension (AH), combined with environmental risk factors, is directly related to the development of AH. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of AH, anthropometric indicators and level of physical activity and their association with a family history (FH) of AH in school children. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 118 students, aged between 11 and 17 years, of both sexes. Waist circumference (WC), weight, height, level of physical activity and FH of HA were collected. Body mass index z score (BMI-z) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Binary logistic regression model was used to verify the chance risk, with significance p <0.05. Results: Of the 118 parents who answered the questionnaire, 34.7% had a positive FH of AH. Girls with a positive FH had higher means of WC (p= 0,004), BMI (p=0,020), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0,006) than boys, and a higher risk of being overweight (OR=4,48; 95%CI:1,55-12,94), and having elevated WHtR (OR=5.98; 95%CI:1.66- 21.47) and SBP (OR=3,07; 95%CI:1,03-9,13) than girls without a FH, but they practice more vigorours moderate physical activity (MVPA) (p=0,039). On the other hand, no differences in these parameters were observed between boys with and without a FM of AH. Conclusion: Overweight and a FH of hypertension were associated with an increased risk for AH in girls. This was not observed among boys, perhaps due to more active lifestyle.

Comparison between girls and boys lifestyle profile and physical activity / Comparação do perfil de estilo de vida e a prática de atividade física entre meninas e meninos

The aim of this study was to compare lifestyle profile and physical activity between girls and boys. A total of 336 students 11 to 17 years old participated in the study (51.5% female). Height, body mass, sexual maturation and z-score body mass index (BMI-z) were assessed. The level of physical activity (PA) was determined through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Lifestyle was assessed using the Individual Lifestyle Profile questionnaire (PEVI), computing the total scores from five components and considering the following cutoff points: >30 points = favorable PEVI; and ≤30 points = unfavorable PEVI. Results showed 35.1% of the students were considered overweight, 74.78% did not comply with the recommendations for physical activity and 31.5% presented unfa-vorable PEVI. There was a difference between boys and girls in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = 0.048). Boys presented better lifestyle (p = 0.06) and had, on average, more light PA (p < 0.01), moderate PA (p < 0.01), vigorous PA (p < 0.01) and MVPA (p < 0.01) than girls. Girls with favorable PEVI had higher average levels of light PA than those with unfavorable PEVI (p < 0.001). It was concluded that boys are more active during the week when compared to girls. However, they also present fewer concerns with preventive behaviors and relationships. Light PA was higher in girls with a favorable lifestyle profile

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o perfil de estilo de vida e a prática de atividade física entre meninas e meninos. Participaram do estudo 336 escolares, de 11 a 17 anos de de idade (51,5% sexo feminino). Foram avaliados a estatura, massa corporal, maturação sexual e índice de massa corporal escore z (IMC-z). O nível de atividade física (AF) foi analisado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). O estilo de vida foi avaliado por meio do questionário Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual (PEVI), analisando o total de escores dos cinco componentes, considerando-se como pontos de corte: >30 pontos = PEVI favorável e ≤30 pontos = PEVI desfavorável. Observou-se que 35,1% dos escolares foram considerados acima do peso, 74,78% não cumprem as recomendações de atividade física e 31,5% apresentaram PEVI desfavorável. Existiu diferença entre meninos e meninas para a prática de atividade física moderada e vigorosa (AFMV ) (p = 0,048). Os meninos apresentaram melhor estilo de vida (p = 0,06) e praticam em média mais AF leve (p < 0,01), AF moderada (p < 0,01), AF vigorosa (p < 0,01) e AFMV (p < 0,01) do que meninas. Enquanto as meninas com PEVI favorável praticam em média mais AF leve do que aquelas com PEVI desfavorável (p < 0,001). Concluiu-se que meninos praticam mais AF na semana em relação às meninas, entretanto possuem menor preocupação com comportamentos preventivos e relacionamentos. A prática de AF leve foi maior em meninas com perfil de estilo de vida favorável

Hypertensive Measures In Schoolchildren: Risk Of Central Obesity And Protective Effect Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity. / Medidas Hipertensivas em Escolares: Risco da Obesidade Central e Efeito Protetor da Atividade Física Moderada-Vigorosa.

Background The proportion of arterial hypertension (AH) has increased in children and adolescents and is associated with several comorbidities. Objective To verify the association of arterial hypertension with central and general obesity as well as according to the level of physical activity in schoolchildren. Methods 336 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 participated in the study. Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. The body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was calculated. The level of physical activity was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) according to the practice of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (AF-mv). Students with systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than the 95thpercentile according to sex, age and height or ≥120/80 were considered hypertensive. Statistical tests of t-Student, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and binary logistic regression model were used, considering the significance level of p<0.05. Results It was found that 40.5% of the students had AH, 35.11% were overweight (12.5% obese), 13.39% had high WC and 40.2% were considered insufficiently active in AF-mv. The chances of AH were related to high WC (OR = 6.11; 95% CI: 2.59¬-14.42) and overweight (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.76-4.79). In addition, adolescents who practiced AF-mv had a lower risk of high DBP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.72). Conclusion Central obesity was the best predictor of AH in children and adolescents, as well as general obesity and males. The practice of AF-mv demonstrated a protective effect on high DBP in schoolchildren. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49).

Medidas Hipertensivas em Escolares: Risco da Obesidade Central e Efeito Protetor da Atividade Física Moderada-Vigorosa / Hypertensive Measures In Schoolchildren: Risk Of Central Obesity And Protective Effect Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity

Resumo Fundamento Aumento da prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) em crianças e adolescentes e sua associação com diversas comorbidades. Objetivo Verificar a associação de HA, obesidade central e obesidade geral, e nível de atividade física em escolares. Métodos Participaram do estudo 336 crianças e adolescentes, de 11 a 17 anos de idade. Aferiram-se estatura, peso corporal, circunferência da cintura (CC) e pressão arterial (PA). Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal escore z (IMC-z). O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pela versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), conforme a prática em atividades físicas moderadas-vigorosas (AF-mv). Consideraram-se hipertensos os escolares que apresentaram pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e/ou diastólica (PAD) superiores ao percentil 95, de acordo com sexo, faixa etária e estatura, ou ≥120×80mmHg. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos de t-Student , Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e modelo de regressão logistica binária, considerando-se o nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados Foram observados que 40,5% dos escolares apresentaram HA, 35,11% excesso de peso (12,5% obesos), 13,39% CC elevada e 40,2% foram considerados insuficientemente ativos em AF-mv. As chances de HA foram relacionadas à CC elevada (OR=6,11; IC95%:2,59 a 14,42) e ao excesso de peso (OR=2,91; IC95%:1,76 a 4,79). Além disso, os adolescentes que praticavam AF-mv apresentaram menor risco de PAD elevada (OR=0,33; IC95%:0,15 a 0,72). Conclusão Concluiu-se que a obesidade central, a obesidade geral e o sexo masculino foram os melhores preditores de HA em crianças e adolescentes. A prática de AF-mv demonstrou efeito protetor na PAD elevada em escolares. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49)

Abstract Background The proportion of arterial hypertension (AH) has increased in children and adolescents and is associated with several comorbidities. Objective To verify the association of arterial hypertension with central and general obesity as well as according to the level of physical activity in schoolchildren. Methods 336 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 participated in the study. Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. The body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was calculated. The level of physical activity was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) according to the practice of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (AF-mv). Students with systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than the 95thpercentile according to sex, age and height or ≥120/80 were considered hypertensive. Statistical tests of t-Student, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and binary logistic regression model were used, considering the significance level of p<0.05. Results It was found that 40.5% of the students had AH, 35.11% were overweight (12.5% obese), 13.39% had high WC and 40.2% were considered insufficiently active in AF-mv. The chances of AH were related to high WC (OR = 6.11; 95% CI: 2.59¬-14.42) and overweight (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.76-4.79). In addition, adolescents who practiced AF-mv had a lower risk of high DBP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.72). Conclusion Central obesity was the best predictor of AH in children and adolescents, as well as general obesity and males. The practice of AF-mv demonstrated a protective effect on high DBP in schoolchildren. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49)

Body Mass Index, Age, Sexual Maturation and Incidence of Hyperlordosis in Children and Adolescents / Índice de Massa Corporal, Idade, Maturação Sexual e a Incidência de Hiperlordose Lombar em crianças e adolescentes

Abstract Introduction: Hyperlordosis can cause several degenerative spinal pathologies in children and adolescents. Objective: Determine whether body mass index, age and sexual maturation predict the occurrence of hyperlordosis in children and adolescents. Method: The study analyzed 380 students aged between 10 and 18 years. Body mass index was evaluated using the reference values suggested by the Fitnessgram test battery, and sexual maturation through Tanner's scale of self-assessed pubic hair growth. Postural assessment was conducted using the DIPA photogrammetry method, version 3.1. (Digital Image Based Postural Assessment) The SPSS 24.0 program was used to analyze the data, and the following statistical tests were applied: chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact and binary logistic regression. Results: There was statistical significance between hyperlordosis, girls' age and puberty in boys (p <0.05). The adjusted binary logistic regression for the girls (OR = 0.656) indicated that this disorder declined by 34% with advancing age and for stage P2 of puberty in boys (OR = 4.292), and the likelihood of boys' presenting with hyperlordosis at this stage is approximately 4-fold higher. There was no statistical significance between body mass index and hyperlordosis (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The girls' age and boys' stage of puberty were associated with the occurrence of hyperlordosis.

Resumo Introdução: A Hiperlordose lombar pode ocasionar diversas patologias degenerativas na coluna vertebral de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Identificar se o Índice de Massa Corporal, a Idade e a Maturação Sexual são previsores da ocorrência da hiperlordose lombar em crianças e adolescentes. Método: O estudo analisou 380 estudantes entre 10 e 18 anos. O Índice de Massa Corporal foi avaliado por meio dos valores de referência sugeridos pela bateria de testes Fitnessgram e a maturação sexual por meio da auto-avaliação da pilosidade pubiana de Tanner. A avaliação postural foi realizada pelo método de fotogrametria DIPA versão 3.1. (Avaliação Postural Baseada em Imagem Digital). Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa SPSS 24.0, tendo sido aplicados os testes estatísticos: Qui-Quadrado, Mann Whitney, Exato de Fisher e Regressão Logística Binária. Resultados: Observou-se que houve significância estatística entre a Hiperlordose lombar e a idade das meninas e a puberdade dos meninos (p<0,05). A regressão logística binária ajustada para o grupo das meninas (OR=0,656) apresentou a posssibilidade de que com o avanço da idade esta patologia diminui sua ocorrência em 34% e no grupo dos meninos (OR=4,292), a puberdade foi significativa na fase P2, verificando-se que a chance dos meninos apresentarem a hiperlordose lombar nesta fase é aproximadamente 04 vezes maior. Não houve significância estatística entre o Índice de Massa Corporal, a Idade e a Maturação Sexual e a hiperlordose lombar (p>0,05). Conclusão: A idade das meninas e a puberdade dos meninos foi associada à ocorrência da hiperlordose lombar.

Avaliação da flexibilidade em escolares do ensino fundamental na cidade de Manaus-AM / Flexibility assessmentinprimary school studentsin the city of Manaus-AM

A flexibilidade do corpo humano tem sido estudado por inúmeras pesquisas, pois de sua importância tanto para o esporte, reabilitação, saúde e fitness como influência geral positiva na prevenção da dor no corpo da coluna e desenvolvimento postural foi .O objectivo deste estudo para avaliar a flexibilidade de crianças que vivem em Manaus -AM, em comparação com o nacional média de Projeto Esporte Brasil. É um estudo transversal realizado em três escolas públicas. nós utilizado o teste sit - e alcançar através do banco Wells. Calculou-se a flexibilidade média de 400 estudantes, com idade entre 11 e 15, que foram estratificados por sexo e idade. Os resultados foram comparados graficamente com as médias nacionais e ponderou proporcionalmente a quantidade de fora da escola média. Além disso, aferida a diferença das médias entre meninos e meninas usando o estudante teste t. Independentemente da idade ou sexo, os resultados mostraram que os estudantes em Manaus mostraram maior flexibilidade do que a média nacional. Verificou-se que as meninas eram mais flexíveis do que os meninos (p = 0,02). Estudantes do sexo masculino devem ser encorajados a exercer flexibilidade. Sugerimos o desenvolvimento mesas de flexíveis específicas para cada estado.

The flexibility of the human body has been studied by numerous research because of its importance both for sports, rehabilitation, fitness and health as generally positive influence in the prevention of pain in the spine and postural development body .The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexibility of children living in Manaus -AM, by comparison with the national average of Project Sport Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study conducted in three public schools. We used the test sit - and-reach through the bank Wells. We calculated the average flexibility of 400 students, aged 11 and 15, which were stratified by gender and age. The results were compared graphically with national averages and pondered proportionally the amount of out of school average. Additionally, gauged the difference of means between boys and girls using the Student t test. Regardless of age or gender, the results showed that students in Manaus showed greater flexibility than the national average. It was found that girls were more flexible than boys (p = 0.02). Male students should be encouraged to exercise flexibility. We suggest the development of flexible tables specific to each state.